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In early May 1940, the war clouds that started in Poland the previous year blew into France and the Lower Countries as the Germans cross the border thus ending the period known as 'The Phony War'. With the opening of hostilities the Franco-British Armies executed their pre-war plan and marched into central Belgium to meet the enemy and to re-fight the First World War.
The Germans however had devised a new attack. A bold and risky plan to push the bulk of their mobile forces through the Ardennes Forest, outflank the Allied forces and pin them to the coast. Will the German Panzer Divisions be able to duplicate this brilliant maneuver and this time defeat the Allies before the Army can be evacuated at Dunkerque? Or will the Allies rescue the situation like they did on the Marne River in 1914?For more information, see the.
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This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.The franc (; French:;: F or Fr), also commonly distinguished as the French franc ( FF), was a of. Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money. It was reintroduced (in ) in 1795. After two centuries of inflation, it was in 1960, with each new franc ( NF) being worth 100 old francs. The NF designation was continued for a few years before the currency returned to being simply the franc; some mostly older French continued to reference and value items in terms of the old franc (equivalent to the new ) until the introduction of the in 1999 (for accounting purposes) and 2002 (for coins and banknotes). The French franc was a commonly held international of reference in the 19th and 20th centuries.
1803 20 gold francs, depicting Napoleon as.In 1800 the, a federal establishment with a private board of executives, was created and commissioned to produce the national currency. In 1803, the Franc germinal (named after the month Germinal in the ) was established, creating a gold franc containing 290.034 mg of fine gold. From this point, gold and silver-based units circulated interchangeably on the basis of a 1:15.5 ratio between the values of the two metals until 1864, when all silver coins except the 5-franc piece were from 90% to 83.5% silver without the weights changing. Latin Monetary Union France was a founding member of the (LMU), a single currency employed primarily by the Romance-speaking and other Mediterranean states between 1865 and the First World War.
The common currency was based on the franc germinal, with the name franc already being used in Switzerland and Belgium, whilst other countries minted local denominations, redeemable across the bloc with 1-to-1 parity, though with local names: e.g., the. In 1873, the LMU went over to a purely of 1 franc = 0.290322581 grams of gold.World War I.
The value of the old French franc, in 2007. Years shaded in gold indicate fixing to the.The outbreak of caused France to leave the gold standard of the LMU. The war severely undermined the franc's strength: war expenditure, inflation and postwar reconstruction, financed partly by printing ever more money, reduced the franc's purchasing power by 70% between 1915 and 1920 and by a further 43% between 1922 and 1926. After a brief return to the between 1928 and 1936, the currency was allowed to resume its slide, until in 1959 it was worth less than 2.5% of its 1934 value.World War II. The value of the new French franc, in 2007 euros. Years shaded in light blue indicate fixed exchange rate to the.In January 1960 the French franc was revalued, with 100 existing francs making one nouveau franc.The abbreviation 'NF' was used on the 1958 design banknotes until 1963.
Old one- and two-franc coins continued to circulate as new centimes (no new centimes were minted for the first two years). The one-centime coin never circulated widely.Inflation continued to erode the franc's value: between 1950 and 1960, the price level increased 72 per cent (5.7% per year on average); between 1960 and 1970, it increased 51 per cent (4.2%).Only one further major devaluation occurred (11% in August 1969) before the was replaced by free-floating exchange rates. When the replaced the franc on 1 January 1999, the franc was worth less than an eighth of its original 1960 purchasing power.
After revaluation and the introduction of the new franc, many French people continued to use old francs ( anciens francs), to describe large sums (throughout the 1980s and well in to the 1990s and virtually until the introduction of the euro, many people, old and young – even those who had never used the old franc – were still referring to the old franc, confusing people). For example, lottery prizes were most often advertised in amounts of centimes, equivalent to the old franc, to inflate the of the prizes at stake. Multiples of 10NF were occasionally referred to as 'mille francs' (thousand francs) or 'mille balles' ('balle' being a slang word for franc) in contexts where it was clear that the speaker did not mean 1,000 new francs.The expression 'heavy franc' ( franc lourd) was also commonly used to designate the new franc. All franc coins and banknotes ceased to be in January 2002, upon the official adoption of the.Economic and Monetary Union From 1 January 1999, the value exchange rate of the French franc against the was set at a fixed parity of €1 = 6.55957 F.
Euro coins and notes replaced the franc entirely between 1 January and 17 February 2002.Coins Before World War I. Zinc and aluminum coins made during World War II. These coins circulated in both Vichy France and the.The events of also affected the coinage substantially.
In 1941, replaced aluminum- in the 50 centimes, and 1, 2, and 5 francs as and were diverted into the War Effort. In 1942, following and the installation of the, a new, short lived series of coins was released which included holed 10 and 20 centimes in zinc. 50 centimes, and 1 and 2 francs were aluminum. In 1944 this series was discontinued and withdrawn and the previous issue was resumed.Following the war, rapid caused denominations below 1 franc to be withdrawn from circulation while 10 francs in copper nickel were introduced, followed by reduced size 10-franc coins in aluminum-bronze in 1950, along with 20 and 50-franc coins of the same composition. In 1954, copper-nickel 100 francs were introduced.In the 1960s, 1 and 2 (old) franc aluminum coins were still circulating, used as 'centimes'.New franc In 1960, the new franc ( nouveau franc) was introduced, worth 100 old francs. 1 and 5 centimes, aluminium-bronze 10, 20, and 50 centimes, nickel 1 franc and silver 5 francs were introduced. Silver 10-franc coins were introduced in 1965, followed by a new, smaller aluminium-bronze 5-centime and a smaller nickel 1⁄ 2-franc coin in 1966.A first attempt to introduce a nickel 2-franc coin in 1960 failed.Nickel-clad copper-nickel 5-franc and nickel-brass 10-franc coins replaced their silver counterparts in 1970 and 1974, respectively.
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Nickel 2 francs were finally introduced in 1979, followed by bimetallic 10 francs in 1988 and trimetallic 20 francs in 1992. The 20-franc coin was composed of two rings and a centre plug.20 with on Obverse.Obverse: Marianne wearing the of liberty.Reverse: Face value and French motto: '.This coin was minted from 1962 to 2001. 20-franc coin – trimetallic coin made for general circulationA nickel 10-franc piece was issued in 1986, but was quickly withdrawn and demonetized due to confusion with the half-franc and an unpopular design. This led to the conception of the later bimetallic model. The aluminium-bronze pieces continued to circulate until the bimetallic pieces were developed and additional aluminium-bronze coins were minted to replace those initially withdrawn.
Once the bimetallic coins were circulating and produced in necessary quantities, the aluminium-bronze pieces were gradually withdrawn and demonetized.A.900 silver 50-franc piece was issued from 1974–1980, known as the largest silver coin ever minted in France, (due to its face value in accordance to its size) but was withdrawn and demonetized after the price of silver spiked in 1980. Banque de France – 100 francs (1927)The first franc paper money issues were made in 1795. They were in denominations between 100 and 10,000 francs. These followed in 1796 by 'territorial mandate promises' for 25 up to 500 francs. The treasury also issued notes that year for 25 up to 1000 francs.In 1800, the Bank of France began issuing notes, first in denominations of 500 and 1000 francs.
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In the late 1840s, 100 and 200-franc notes were added, while 5, 20 and 50 francs were added in the 1860s and 70s, although the 200-franc note was discontinued.The First World War saw the introduction of 10 and 1000-franc notes. The chambers of commerce's ('money of necessity'), from 1918 to 1926, produced 25c, 50c, 1 F, 2 F, 5 F, and 10 F notes.Despite base-metal 5, 10 & 20 F coins being introduced between 1929 and 1933, the banknotes were not removed. In 1938, first 5000-franc notes were added.In 1944, the introduced dollar-like paper money in denominations between 2 and 1000 francs, as well as a brass 2-franc coin.After the Second World War, while 5, 10 and 20-franc notes were replaced by coins in 1950, as were the 50- and 100-franc notes in the mid-1950s. In 1954, the 10,000-franc notes were introduced.In 1959, in circulation when the old franc was replaced by the new franc were:. 500 francs:. 1000 francs:. 5000 francs:.
10,000 francs:The first issue of the new franc consisted of 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000-franc notes overprinted with their new denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 new francs. This issue was followed by notes of the same design but with only the new denomination shown. A 500-new franc note was also introduced in 1960 representing, replaced in 1969 by the yellow type (colloquially called a pascal).